This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Request Permissions Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Nahrendorf, M. Articles by Sinusas, A. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Nahrendorf, M. Articles by Sinusas, A. J. Related Collections CT and MRI Cardiovascular imaging agents/Techniques Echocardiography Nuclear cardiology and PET

Advances in Cardiovascular Imaging

Multimodality Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, Part II

Matthias Nahrendorf, MD, PhD; David E. Sosnovik, MD; Brent A. French, PhD; Filip K. Swirski, PhD; Frank Bengel, MD; Mehran M. Sadeghi, MD; Jonathan R. Lindner, MD; Joseph C. Wu, MD, PhD; Dara L. Kraitchman, VMD, PhD; Zahi A. Fayad, PhD and Albert J. Sinusas, MD

From the Centers for Systems Biology (M.N.) and Molecular Imaging Research (M.N., D.E.S., F.K.S.), and Cardiology Division (D.E.S.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass; Department of Biomedical Engineering (B.A.F.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va; Radiology and Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine (F.B.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging Laboratory (M.M.S), Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, New Haven, Conn; Cardiovascular Division (J.R.L.), Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Ore; Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Radiology (Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford) (J.C.W.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (D.L.M.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute (Z.A.F.), Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, N.Y.; and Department of Medicine and Diagnostic Radiology (A.J.S.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.

Correspondence to Matthias Nahrendorf, MD, PhD, MGH-CMIR, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129. E-mail mnahrendorf@mgh.harvard.edu and Albert J. Sinusas, MD, Yale University School of Medicine, Nuclear Cardiology, 3FMP, PO Box 208017, New Haven, CT 06520-8017. E-mail albert.sinusas@yale.edu

Key Words: molecular imaging • consensus • atherosclerosis • heart failure • myocardial infarction

An extract of the first 250 words of the full text is provided, because this article has no abstract.

	Introduction

 
Molecular imaging has the potential to profoundly impact preclinical research and future clinical cardiovascular care. In Part I of this 2-part consensus article on multimodality cardiovascular molecular imaging, the imaging methodology, evolving imaging technology, and development of novel targeted molecular probes relevant to the developing field of cardiovascular molecular imaging were reviewed.¹ Part II of this consensus article will review the targeted imaging probes available for the identification and evaluation of critical pathophysiological processes in the cardiovascular system. These include novel imaging strategies for the evaluation of inflammation, thrombosis, apoptosis, necrosis, vascular remodeling, and angiogenesis. The current article will also review the role of targeted imaging of a number of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, ischemic injury, postinfarction remodeling, and heart failure, as well as the emerging fields of regenerative, genetic, and cell-based therapies. Special emphasis is placed on multimodal imaging, as these hybrid techniques promise to advance the field by combining approaches with complementary strengths and off-setting limitations.^2,3

Although some applications of molecular imaging are well established, other clinical applications are under development and still emerging, such as early detection of atherosclerosis or unstable plaque.⁴ The goals of molecular imaging are to refine risk assessment, facilitate the early diagnosis of disease before the occurrence of debilitating events, aid in the development of personalized therapeutic regimens and to monitor the efficacy of complex therapies. However, to translate the evolving targeted imaging probes, technologies, and applications into clinical care, the imaging community will need to overcome several hurdles. Therefore, the current review . . . [Full Text of this Article]

This article has been cited by other articles:

				C. M. Matter, M. Stuber, and M. Nahrendorf Imaging of the unstable plaque: how far have we got? Eur. Heart J., November 1, 2009; 30(21): 2566 - 2574. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Nahrendorf, P. Waterman, G. Thurber, K. Groves, M. Rajopadhye, P. Panizzi, B. Marinelli, E. Aikawa, M. J. Pittet, F. K. Swirski, et al. Hybrid In Vivo FMT-CT Imaging of Protease Activity in Atherosclerosis With Customized Nanosensors Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, October 1, 2009; 29(10): 1444 - 1451. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				F. M. Bengel Clinical Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging J. Nucl. Med., June 1, 2009; 50(6): 837 - 840. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]